Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important pathogenic factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and aflibercept (Eylea) is one of the widely used anti-VEGF agents.This study investigated the microRNA (miRNA) profiles LeatherR in the vitreous of 5 idiopathic macular hole patients (non-diabetic controls), 5 untre

Background: This article critically analyses housing inadequacy in South Africa and its ramifications.Aim: The study is exploratory in nature and used the qualitative methodology.Setting: Key findings suggest that protests, informal settlements, health challenges, shack fires, flooding, violence and criminality, corruption and xenophobic attacks ar

Abstract Protein Data Bank (PDB) files list the relative spatial location of atoms in a protein Collections structure as the final output of the process of fitting and refining to experimentally determined electron density measurements.Where experimental evidence exists for multiple conformations, atoms are modelled in alternate locations.Programs

The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a notorious pest, posing a significant threat to a wide range of fruits and vegetables, leading to substantial agricultural losses worldwide.With growing concerns over chemical pesticide resistance and environmental safety, plant-based insecticides have emerged Organizat

Bacteria have evolved complex transcriptional regulatory networks, as well as many diverse regulatory strategies at the RNA level, to enable more efficient use of metabolic resources and a rapid response to changing conditions.However, most RNA-based regulatory mechanisms are not well conserved across different bacterial species despite controlling